Indo-Swiss AMR Innovation Dialogue 2025

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most pressing global public health crises. Our most valuable tools in modern medicine—antibiotics—are becoming less effective, and we are also encountering growing challenges from non-bacterial microbes like fungi and parasitic worms. To find new solutions, at the end of April we will convene for the second time for the Indo-Swiss AMR Innovation Dialogue, building on the discussions of the first dialogue in October 2023, where nearly 50 Swiss and Indian experts gathered to discuss innovative approaches to address AMR and find collaborative ways to confront the crisis. The second iteration will include fresh perspectives from the Indian and Swiss AMR ecosystems.

The Silent Pandemic of AMR

AMR has dangerous implications for human life, including the possibility of death triggered by bacterial infections. The last time a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics was developed was about five decades ago. Lack of awareness around AMR is prompting people to misuse antibiotics for infections that are not bacterial—particularly viral and fungal. The disease-causing bacteria in our bodies are developing resistance to the antibiotics and very soon we’ll run out of the strongest antibiotics available. At the same time, low- and middle-income countries struggle to get access to new life-saving antibiotics. This has serious consequences—when we genuinely need antibiotics to deal with medical issues like C-section deliveries, basic surgeries, pneumonia and tuberculosis, the antibiotics will be rendered useless and will not work on killing the disease-causing bacteria.

Pharmaceutical companies have largely stayed away from antimicrobial work because the science is hard and the regulatory environment is complex. It also takes years of research and trials to develop new antibiotics, whereas bacteria mutate every 20 minutes. So when a new class of antibiotics is developed and made available to the public, there won’t be an end game because we know how quickly bacteria mutate and it is not possible to create new classes of broad-spectrum antibiotics as quickly. The motivation for pharmaceutical companies to invest resources to develop a new class of antibiotics is low because it would have to be used only as a last-resort drug—when all else fails—and wouldn’t be available as a mass product. Therefore, the financial incentives to develop antibiotics are far less compared to drugs for cancer, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and other such illnesses.

AMR is not restricted to bacterial infections, but also extends to viral infections, helminths (parasitic worms) and pathogenic fungi. Addressing AMR beyond bacterial infections is challenging due to limited treatment options, slow drug development and inadequate diagnostics. Resistant viruses, fungi and helminths (parasitic worms) have fewer available drugs, and pharmaceutical investment is low. Lack of rapid, affordable diagnostic tools is delaying effective treatment. Complex resistance mechanisms in fungi and parasites make research and drug design difficult. Global health disparities hinder surveillance and access to treatments, especially in low-income regions. The Indo-Swiss AMR Innovation Dialogue also aims to seed conversations and collaborations tackling AMR beyond bacterial infections.

Progress since the first AMR Dialogue

After the first Indo-Swiss AMR Innovation Dialogue, researchers from both countries started collaborations and visited each other’s research groups for training and capacity building. Companies acted on insights they gained into the work Indian researchers do and Indian students travelled to Switzerland to conduct their Master’s thesis.

Fostering continued engagement

Beyond our collaboration with the Universities of Geneva and Zurich, we continue to promote collaborations in AMR under the AMR Innovation Platform of the Indo-Swiss Innovation Platform, through which Swissnex in India, in collaboration with the Embassy of Switzerland in India and the Swiss Business Hub facilitate strategic partnerships between the two countries in areas of health, sustainability and digital transformation. Notable partners in AMR are the India Health Fund, the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi) and the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP). The idea of the Platform is to consider matters beyond initial conversations in a planned and thorough manner that leads to tangible, measurable outcomes.

 

The next Indo-Swiss Joint Research Programme, a bilateral multi-year academic funding instrument of the Swiss National Science Foundation and Indian ministries is expected to open with a funding call in One Health—which includes AMR—at the end of the year. We encourage Indian and Swiss researchers to start thinking about potential proposals to submit for this call.

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